The CIA has been exposed multiple times for conducting experiments without consent, particularly through programs like **MKUltra**, **ARTICHOKE**, and **Operation Midnight Climax**. Here are some notable instances:
- **MKUltra (1953–1973)**: Thousands of individuals were subjected to mind-altering drugs, hypnosis, and psychological manipulation without their knowledge. Victims included **prisoners, psychiatric patients, military personnel, and ordinary citizens**[43dcd9a7-70db-4a1f-b0ae-981daa162054](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MKUltra?citationMarker=43dcd9a7-70db-4a1f-b0ae-981daa162054 "1").
- **Operation Midnight Climax**: The CIA set up safehouses in **San Francisco and New York**, where unwitting individuals were secretly given LSD and observed by agents. Many of the subjects were **sex workers and drug users**, chosen because they were less likely to report the experiments[43dcd9a7-70db-4a1f-b0ae-981daa162054](https://www.history.com/mkultra-operation-midnight-climax-cia-lsd-experiments?citationMarker=43dcd9a7-70db-4a1f-b0ae-981daa162054 "2").
- **Experiments on Canadian Citizens**: Under MKUltra, the CIA funded **Dr. Ewen Cameron** at the Allan Memorial Institute in **Montreal, Canada**, where psychiatric patients were subjected to extreme electroshock therapy and drug-induced comas without consent[43dcd9a7-70db-4a1f-b0ae-981daa162054](https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/dnsa-intelligence/2024-12-23/cia-behavior-control-experiments-focus-new-scholarly?citationMarker=43dcd9a7-70db-4a1f-b0ae-981daa162054 "3").
- **Prison Experiments**: Inmates at **Atlanta Federal Penitentiary** were unknowingly given LSD as part of MKUltra research. Some later sued the CIA for the psychological damage they suffered[43dcd9a7-70db-4a1f-b0ae-981daa162054](https://www.history.com/mkultra-operation-midnight-climax-cia-lsd-experiments?citationMarker=43dcd9a7-70db-4a1f-b0ae-981daa162054 "2").
- **Military Personnel**: U.S. soldiers were exposed to **hallucinogens and other substances** during Cold War-era experiments to test their reactions under extreme conditions[43dcd9a7-70db-4a1f-b0ae-981daa162054](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MKUltra?citationMarker=43dcd9a7-70db-4a1f-b0ae-981daa162054 "1").
The full extent of these experiments remains unclear due to **CIA Director Richard Helms' order to destroy MKUltra records in 1973**. However, congressional investigations like the **Church Committee (1975)** and **Rockefeller Commission** helped uncover some details.
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