Mu Yangling's article caused a huge uproar among all the different classes.
Every dynasty's end was marked by a tyrannical or incompetent ruler. Xia Youjie, Shang, Zhou, and Qin. However, no matter who it was, although they were scolded as tyrants and incompetent rulers, the world would always find all kinds of treacherous officials or disasters to share the responsibility.
For example, Xia Jie's kingdom was destroyed because of Mo Xi[1], the Shang dynasty's ruler's tyranny and incompetence was blamed on Daji[2], and the Second Emperor of the Qin Dynasty was led astray by Zhao Gao[3]. In any case, if the Emperor was bad, people made up excuses for that. He was either bewitched by a beautiful woman or slowly turned bad by the deception of treacherous officials.
Mu Yangling was the first person to directly point out that the Emperor's fault was greater than that of a treacherous official.
